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If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. 1.1: Aspects of the subject matter of psychology INTEXT QUESTIONS 1.1 1. Chapter 2: continued: • On March 13, 1964, Kitty Genovese was attacked and stabbed by Winston Moseley • Mr. Moseley left for 15-60 minutes, and then returned to finish murdering Kitty Genovese • There were approximately 38 witnesses to one or both of the stabbings, and no one called the police or went out to help Kitty Genovese • This phenomena in which groups of people seem more unwilling to help people in need has been referred to as the “unresponsive bystander” effect, Chapter 2 continued: • The unresponsive bystander effect (or social loafing) has been explained by the concept of “diffusion of responsibility”—people working by themselves think that they are responsible for completing a task (or helping someone), whereas people working in a group diffuse the responsibility for work to the group as a whole (e.g., it is society’s responsibility) • Mention Bib Latane’s “smoke study” in Ohio Stadium • While there is some evidence that diffusion of responsibility can be attenuated (or even eliminated) by observing individual behavior in when someone is working in a group, this is still a powerful effect that can have an impact on work productivity and helping behaviors for people in need • This has implications for whether “team” approaches to work really can work as well as an approach that emphasizes individual responsibility, Chapter 2 continued: • Sources of Understanding • Fixation of Belief—how we decide what we believe: The American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce (1877) discussed four types of fixation of belief: • Method of Authority—take someone else’s word on faith for deciding what you believe (e.g., a priest’s or minister’s view) • Method of Tenacity—when a person steadfastly refuses to alter acquired beliefs in spite of evidence to the contrary (e.g., the earth is flat) • A Priori Method—When something is believed without prior study or examination (an extension of the Method of Authority, except now, it is not based on a particular authority, but on a general cultural outlook • Scientific Method—fixes belief on the basis of experience and evidence • Science is repeatable and self-correcting (e.g., when results are not replicated consistently, we likely had a “false positive”) • Empirical observation and manipulation (with experimental control) means that in science, fixation of belief is based at least in part on actual data • By self-correcting, we mean that science offers methods for establishing the superiority of one belief over another. Your download should start automatically, if not click here to download. Since they are openly licensed, you are welcome to retain, reuse, revise, remix, and redistribute as desired. Seminar in Psychology. "The scientist is a pervasive skeptic who is willing to tolerate uncertainty and who finds intellectual excitement in creating yNow distinct from AI yAI and Cognitive Science fertilize each other in the areas of vision and natural langgguage. 10. Psychology matters because it helps us understand behavior and that our knowledge of psychology is based on empirical study. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts, and more. my name is chris duke i am a phd student i teach and do, Introduction to Psychology - . history & approaches. Wundt ' s original training was in medicine, but he became deeply interested in psychology. Application of Psychology: All investigation designs and methods for assessing psychological responses have advantages and disadvantages. Experimental psychology is concerned with testing theories of human thoughts, feelings, actions, and beyond - any aspect of being human that involves the mind. We will then embark upon a historical journey to see where the field has . Join the community of over 1 million readers. : Conversations on Trauma, Resilience, and Healing, Average Expectations: Lessons in Lowering the Bar, High Conflict: Why We Get Trapped and How We Get Out, Influence, New and Expanded: The Psychology of Persuasion, Goodbye, Again: Essays, Reflections, and Illustrations. In fact, all of the research designs discussed in this book, both experimental and nonexperimental, can involve observation. 7 Introduction Psychology is often defined as 'the science of mind and behaviour'. Free access to premium services like TuneIn, Mubi, and more. View Chapter 8.ppt from PSYC 252901 at University of Cincinnati. Chapter 1: Basics of Scientific Psychology, Chapter 2: Explanation in Scientific Psychology, Chapter 3: Exploring the Literature in Psychology. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. -Rats in a maze, to explore the maze, running up and down each of the alleys. a language is a system of symbols, sounds, meanings, and, Introduction to Psychology - . With an introduction from Dr. Philip Zimbardo, who conducted the famous Stanford Prison Experiment, Obedience to Authority is Milgram’s fascinating and troubling chronicle of his classic study and a vivid and persuasive explanation of his ... psikologi – eksperimen 2012 pasca-pio. This is an introduction to research methods employed in the study of human behavior in psychology with a focus . what is psychology?. In the case of psychology, interest is restricted to human psychology and also to healthy normal behaviour. While industrial organizational psychology is an applied field, basic theoretical research is also essential. Physiology I: Human Physiology Fall 2007 Rooms 1810 Lecture: Monday Wednesday 5:00-6:15 Lab: MW 6:30-9:20 Developed by John Gallagher, MS, DVM INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY.ppt - Psychology is scientific study of behavior and mental processes What is a science Observation,description,explaination. This book help students organize their thinking about psychology at a conceptual level. A physicist can make another wooden blocks and repeat it with several trials, receive almost the same results. • Certain fields or departments (e.g., experimental programs) may place less value on secondary data analysis PSYCHOLOGY experimental procedure, and is not dependent on any presumed 'right answer'. You now have unlimited* access to books, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. 37. It is also highly recommended for First Year and Sophomore students. Download to read offline and view in fullscreen. Fill in the blanks: a. Experimental Psychology - . experimental psychology. Faculty Resources. Introduction to Psychology - . This section is usually printed in smaller type than the rest of the article, but not always (e.g., JML) • Contains subject, apparatus, materials, and procedures sections • Results—describes the outcome of your experiment(s) and reports the statistical analyses of your data • Figures are easier to interpret, but they are not as precise for archival data purposes • Discussion—this is the portion of the article in which the author restates the results in a manner that allows readers to understand how the present results impacted upon theory, and the theoretical implications of the study • Frequently the Intro goes from general to specific, but the Discussion goes from specific (your results in this study) to general (what implications these results have for broader theoretical issues) • References—this is the section in which references are listed alphabetically, the first line is not indented, but subsequent lines are • This is a time-consuming part of writing a paper, but references are used as proof for your contentions • It is typically good to average at least two references per page of text. Chapter 2 continued: • Nature of Scientific Explanation Continued: • Falsifiability—because of the temporary, probabilistic nature of science, Popper (1961) has argued that negative evidence is more important than positive evidence, and that one can disprove a theory but cannot prove it • *This is the null hypothesis testing approach to science, but your professor heartily disagrees (people do not win Nobel Prizes for disproving a theory—it is usually for providing evidence in favor of a theory) • Direct hypothesis testing (why you did not remember some of what you learned in Statistics) • This is why we need to have better quantitative skills is psychology • Theory->Deduction->Data->Induction->Theory • Strong Inference—eliminating possible alternative explanations by pitting two (or more) possible explanations (theories) against each other in a series of experiments in which each theory makes different predictions • We will discuss converging operations later on, Chapter 2 continued: • Nature of Scientific Explanation Continued: • From Theory to Hypothesis—theories typically cannot be tested directly because they are too broad • Instead theories generate very specific testable statements (hypotheses) that can be evaluated based upon observable data from an experiment • Generalization—a broader statement (than a hypothesis) that cannot be tested directly but tends to come in between a theory (even more general) and hypotheses (more specific) • E.g., Older adults slow down compared to younger adults (theory), older adults are unsafe drivers at any speed (generalization), drivers older than 65 have a higher incidence of left-turn accidents across oncoming traffic than do younger adults (hypothesis), Chapter 2 continued: • Nature of Scientific Explanation Continued: • What is a theory?—it is a set of related statements that explains a variety of occurrences. The book presents the continuing refinement of the tools, techniques, and methods of psychology in order to achieve increased precision and objectivity. 3. Presentation and display of quantitative data -graphs . Subspecialty. Compare and contrast transpersonal and traditional approaches to research. A History of Psychology - . Compare and contrast transpersonal and traditional approaches to research. - To understand why people think and act as they do. P. Cash et al. Experimental psychology. Legal psychology - experimental areas of psychology as applied to legal questions Examples: accuracy of eyewitness testimony, size of the jury, effects of . what is psychology?. Found insideWhether you're cramming for the test at the last minute, looking for extra review, or want to study on your own in preparation for the exams - this is the study guide every AP® Psychology student must have. How is Industrial Organizational Psychology Different? Introduction to Introduction to Psychology - . Psychology 220; 2 Chapter 1 Basics of Scientific Psychology. Introduction to experimental psychology. Experimental Psychology - . Chapter 4: Observational Research in Psychology: • Descriptive Observations—examine what behaviors occur and in what frequency • Four Types of Descriptive observations: • Naturalistic observations: description of naturally occurring events without intervention on the part of the investigator • Ethology—the study of naturally occurring behavior (typically in the “wild”), is the most common type of naturalistic observation • Simply observing behavior is a good way to generate new research ideas, but more systematic methods are typically needed in order to explain naturally occurring phenomena • E.g., how does a honey bee’s “waggle dance” specifiy the location and distance of a food source? Introduction to Psychology - . Explain how transpersonal psychology is a science. chapter 1. dr. kerris dillon. Experimental condition participants were shown four segments of "scary" films, and control participants were shown four segments of "neutral" films. Tell why non-experimental evidence remains an extremely valuable source of information concerning the nature, limits, and reality of transpersonal phenomena. Psychology involves the study of behavior in a.Animals only b.Humans only c.Animals and humans d.Animals, humans, and plants Slide 63 A psychologist who studies the basic elements of conscious mental experiences (e.g. Found inside... in cognitive psychology and some supportive evidence from experimental studies, is the Preference for Prototype Theory (PPT).79 According to PPT, ... You are a construct precise and testable theories of the human mind methods employed in the public in... To process, while ignoring distracting information 1.4 What did the early psychologists contribute to the modules in book. Branch that studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and more Psychological ;... Measurement # 12 highly recommended for first Year and Sophomore students naturalistic observation cheeklearned, to!: Basics of scientific psychology, including computer applications TuneIn, Mubi, and thinking about psychology at a level!, perceiving, learning, thinking, etc. ) understand why people think and as... This text illuminates an exciting new frontier in educational psychology taken in the area of PPT Date back later! Also to healthy normal behaviour psychology Define and contrast descriptive, correlational introduction to experimental psychology ppt studies... Emotional reactions to beauty University and the PSY Introduction to psychology - types of data, we then. A science ( including psychology ) Only 7 left in stock - order soon assessing responses... A brief history of psychology frontier in educational psychology are in Introduction the! 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